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View Citation You may need to edit author's name to meet the style formats, which are in most cases "Last name, First name. Use the following interactive animation of plant and animal cells to learn about their respective organelles. Nucleus : The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell.
It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores.
The chromatin is efficiently packaged within the small nuclear space. Genes within the chromatin are made of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA.
The DNA is similar in every cell of the body, but depending on the specific cell type, some genes may be turned on or off - that's why a liver cell is different from a muscle cell, and a muscle cell is different from a fat cell. When a cell is dividing, the nuclear chromatin DNA and surrounding protein condenses into chromosomes that are easily seen by microscopy. For a deeper understanding of genetics, visit our companion site, GeneTiCs Alive!
Nucleolus : The prominent structure in the nucleus is the nucleolus. The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis. Cytosol : The cytosol is the "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside and where most of the cellular metabolism occurs.
Though mostly water, the cytosol is full of proteins that control cell metabolism including signal transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, and transcription factors. Cytoplasm : This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol.
Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules, but the plant cell centrosome is simpler and does not have centrioles. During animal cell division, the centrioles replicate make new copies and the centrosome divides.
The result is two centrosomes, each with its own pair of centrioles. The two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and from each centrosome, microtubules grow into a "spindle" which is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells.
Centriole animal cells only : Each centriole is a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. Microtubules and centrioles are part of the cytoskeleton. In the complete animal cell centrosome, the two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.
Golgi : The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is actually a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport elsewhere in the cell. The stack of larger vesicles is surrounded by numerous smaller vesicles containing those packaged macromolecules.
The enzymatic or hormonal contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes and secretory vesicles are packaged in membrane-bound vesicles at the periphery of the Golgi apparatus. Lysosome : Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells. Start with DNA, which holds the instructions for proteins. Proteins have many destinations, but you will select the path of a protein headed for the cell membrane.
Make sure to include every part involved in order , whether it actively creates protein or whether other cell parts travel through it as part of the process. Cell Anatomy Viewer Introduction. Explore Explore the parts of the cells at your own pace. Protein Pathways Game Identify the parts of the cell used to make a protein in the correct order.
Cell Anatomy Viewer. Yes, go to the game mode menu.
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