Reciprocating pump theory pdf

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Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Elizabeth Howell. Reciprocating pump pdf 1. Contents Sl. Article Page No. We are especially thankful to our classmates for their support. Future Scope Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps operate by some mechanism typically reciprocating or rotary , and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid.

Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water- cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers.

In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts 8. In the head of the cylinder the suction and discharge valves are mounted. In the suction stroke the plunger retracts and the suction valves opens causing suction of fluid into the cylinder. In the forward stroke the plunger push the liquid out the discharge valve. With only one cylinder the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the plunger moves through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is in the end positions.

A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system. Vibration and "water hammers" may be a serious problem. In general the problems are compensated by using two or more cylinders not working in phase with each other.

In a diaphragm pump the plunger pressurizes hydraulic oil which is used to flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm pumps are used to pump hazardous and toxic fluids.

Classification of Reciprocating Pump Follow are the three fields in which the reciprocating are classified 1. According to the contact between water and plunger 2. According to the number of cylinders 3.

According to the air vessel According to the contactbetweenwater and plunger:- Single acting pump A single acting pump is one which has one suction valve, delivery valve and one suction and delivery pipe. It suck up the fluid only in one direction and in single stroke called suction stroke and deliver it in a single stroke called delivery stroke.

If we suppose that piston is in the center of the cylinder then one suction and delivery pipe is on one side and one delivery and suction pipe is on other side of the piston. According to the number of cylinders 1.

Single cylinder pump Single cylinder pump is one in which their is only cylinder connected to a single shaft. It could be a single acting or double acting pump. Double cylinder pump Double cylinder pump is one which have two cylinder attached to a single shaft. Separate suction and delivery valve is provided to each cylinder. Crank of the pump is set at an angle of 3. Triple cylinder pump Page 6 When the pump has three cylinders attached to a single shaft then the pump is called triple cylinder pump.

Crank is set at an angle of According to the air vessel 1. With air vessel Some reciprocating pump are provided with a separate air vessel attach to the suction and delivery valve. Its main function is to accumulate excess quantity of water by compressing the air in the vessel 2. Without Air vessel Some pump lack the air vessel because of the nature of their work. Liquid flows into the pumps as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.

The volume is a constant given each cycle of operation. Page 7 A Positive Displacement Pumps is a "constant flow machine" A Positive Displacement Pump must never operate against closed valves on the discharge side of the pump - it has no shut-off head like Centrifugal Pumps. A Positive Displacement Pump operating against closed discharge valves continues to produce flow until the pressure in the discharge line is increased until the line bursts or the pump is severely damaged - or both.

A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the Positive Displacement Pump is absolute necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external the pump. An internal valve should in general only be used as a safety precaution. An external relief valve installed in the discharge line with a return line back to the suction line or supply tank is highly recommended. They are truly self priming can prime dry and can run dry without damage. They operate via the same volumetric displacement principle described earlier.

The figure shows the operational cycle of a basic, hand operated single diaphragm pump. Where its operation any simpler, it would compete with gravity. The upper portion of the figure shows the suction stroke.

The handle lifts the diaphragm creating a partial vacuum which closes the discharge valve while allowing liquid to enter the pump chamber via the suction valve.

He is the author, editor at themechanicalengineering. In this article, we will study the Chassis Frame and its sub-topic like Definition, Types, Materials used in the chassis frame in detail, and the PDF of this article you can download at the end A Combustion chamber is an important component of an Internal combustion engine.

It plays a vital role in engine performance and its knock properties. In this article, we will study all the different Skip to content The main difference between reciprocating and centrifugal pump is, In a reciprocating pump, the discharge is fluctuating and pulsating whereas the discharge is smooth and continuous in the centrifugal pump. Table of Contents. Which is a more efficient centrifugal pump or reciprocating pump? In terms of efficiency centrifugal pump has good efficiency.

What are the advantages of a centrifugal pump over a reciprocating pump? What is a reciprocating pump used for? It is used for supplying water at high heads.

Why the speed of the reciprocating pump is lower than the centrifugal pump? Continue Reading. The movement of the piston is obtained by connecting the piston rod to crank by means of a connecting rod.

The crank is rotated by means of an electric motor. Suction and Delivery Pipes with a suction valve and a delivery valve are connected to the cylinder. The suction and delivery valves are non return valves , which allow the water to flow in one direction only.

The suction valve allows water from the suction pipe to the cylinder and where the delivery valve allows water from the cylinder to the delivery pipe only. From the above diagram, When a crank is at A, the piston is at the extreme left position in the cylinder. The movement of the piston towards the right creates a partial vacuum in the cylinder.

But on the surface of the liquid in the sump atmospheric pressure is acting, which is more than the pressure inside the cylinder. Thus the liquid is forced into the suction pipe from the sump. This liquid opens the suction valve and enters into the cylinder. The movement of the piston towards the left increases the pressure of the liquid inside the cylinder more than the atmospheric pressure. Hence the Suction valve closes and the delivery valve opens. The liquid is forced into the delivery pipe and is raised to a Required Height.

The fluid sucks only in one direction that is suction stroke and it delivers that is called deliver stroke.

Consider, when the piston in a cylinder is in between then one suction and a delivery pipe is on one side Piston left and one pipe at another side piston right.